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Showing posts with label Blue. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Blue. Show all posts

Tuesday, February 26, 2019

Indigo Dyeing Prior to Israel's Captivity in Babylon & Assyria



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Who Could Dye Fabric With Indigo?
(Blue, Purple or Scarlet)

Purple & blue Indigo dyed reverse appliqued Cross Roads
pattern on textile in the 
African Collection of Teresa R. Kemp. 
Visit PlantationQuilts.com 
This question will be answered below with several views
 presented for a comprehensive study approach.

Plant Bases Indigo was used 
by the Nation of Israel
(Note: This is a modern day definition of plant based indigo.) 
A variety of plants have provided indigo throughout history, but most natural indigo was obtained from those in the genus Indigofera, which are native to the tropics, notably the Indian subcontinent. The primary commercial indigo species in Asia was true indigo (Indigofera tinctoria, also known as I. sumatrana). 
A common alternative used in the relatively colder subtropical locations such as Japan's Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan is Strobilanthes cusiaDyer's knotweed (Polygonum tinctorum) was the most important blue dye in East Asia until the arrival of the Indigofera species from the south, which yield more dye. In Central and South America, the species grown is anil
In Europe, woad containing the same dye was used for blue-dying. Several plants contain indigo, but low concentrations make them difficult to work with and the color is then more easily tainted by other dye substances, typically leading to a greenish tinge.


Tyrian Purple 
(Ancient GreekπορφύραporphúraLatinpurpura), also known as Tyrian redPhoenician purpleroyal purpleimperial purple or imperial dye, is a reddish-purple natural dye. (Note: I believe that the people of Tyre used plant based sources for indigo and would not have killed any living thing to carry out the commandments of the Lord. The groups taken into captivity in Babylon & Assyria did not know how to dye the linen and lamented."
Tyrian Purple
About these coordinates    Colour coordinates
Hex triplet#66023C
sRGBB  (rgb)(102, 2, 60)
CMYKH   (cmyk)(45, 100, 47, 42)
HSV       (hsv)(325°, 98%, 40[1]%)
Source"Tyrian purple".
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
It is a secretion produced by several species of predatory sea snails in the family Muricidae, rock snails originally known by the name Murex. In ancient times, extracting this dye involved tens of thousands of snails and substantial labor, and as a result, the dye was highly valued. The main chemical is 6,6′-dibromoin.
For centuries Cultures have tried to imitate the richness of
Tyrian purple for dye-making (above) trunculus sea snail
Study Notes for comparison:
"Pigments extracted from Muricidae sea snail process steps were described two millennial ago by Pliny the Elder in his encyclopedic treatise on the natural history known during the Roman Period, and also in a concise description of the dyeing of the related biblical blue-purple Tekhelet dye noted three centuries later by the Talmud." From site: http://atlantipedia.ie/samples/tag/indigo-plant/
(Above) Murex is the name of this family of sea mollusk that allowed the
Phoenicians to dominate theucrative indigo silk cloth trade. 
(Above) Preditory specieces of sea snail with gland showing containing dye pigment.
** To understand more about the scientific complexities of dyeing process see an excerpt from Zvi C. Koren's* book,  "The Edelstein Center for the Analysis of Ancient Artifacts, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shenkar College of Engineering and Design", Ramat-Gan 52526, Israel.
New Chemical Insights into the Ancient Molluskan Purple Dyeing Process in the book "The Edelstein Center for the Analysis of Ancient Artifacts, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shenkar College of Engineering and Design", Ramat-Gan 52526, Israel.

Natural sources also include mollusks: the Murex sea snails produce a mixture of indigo and dibromoindigo (red) which together produce a range of purple hues known as Tyrian purple. Light exposure during part of the dying process can convert the dibromoindigo into indigo resulting in blue hues known as royal blue or hyacinth purple.
Above Kente cloth from Ghana Africa with dredles,
stools individual strands are dyed with indigo 
In my book, "Keeper of the Fire:An Igbo Metalsmith From Awka",  I discuss finding groups that could dye indigo in Africa, Asia, Europe and in North America.
King James Version of the Bible

This was a question I was asked. When I need answers 
I turn to the (KJV) bible.

Destroyed faces of period art left many asking, "Who are they?


Note: "It is useful to remind ourselves that the Christian tradition had its own moments of sometimes violent iconoclasm–the theologically motivated destruction of religious artifacts. In the 8th and 9th centuries, the Byzantine Empire went through two periods of iconoclasm, for instance. But the most virulent example of Christian extremist iconoclasm is the Protestant Reform of the 16th century, promoted by Lutherans like Andreas Karlstadt and the two founding figures of the Reformed Church, Huldrych Zwingli and Jean Calvin. 

They regarded the visual representation of the divine as a form of heresy and ordered the systematic destruction of religious art in churches they controlled." From the blog site
https://sites.utexas.edu/culturescontexts/2015/03/08/islamic-extremist-iconoclasm-and-its-christian-precedents/
Teresa R. Kemp, Griot, Author, Historian Master Quilter in
Covina City Library Covina CA USA talks to
 student about the UGRR Quilt Code and the Science & Math
of the patterns used to assist freedom 
( Above) Students of regional schools read the information on the dyes used in
African Secret Quilt Codes used on the UGRR in America
seekers in USA.
Specifically the question was:
"Who could dye indigo prior to children of Israel going into captivity in Babylon & Assyria?"

The answer is:
1.) The man from Tyre; 
2.) Aholiab, son of Ahisamach 
3.) The son of the daughters of the tribe of Dan.
4.) All the women who were wise hearted
5.) Select inhabitants of the the isles of Elishah (Elishah’s descendants populated Peloponnesus, Greece.)
6.) Cunning men
7.) A man cunning to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, and in iron, and in purple, and crimson, and blue
8.) Thcunning men that are with me in Judah and in Jerusalem, whom David my father did provide
9.) The cunning men of my lord David thy father

Note: Scriptures references are below: 


(Above) Youth with Teresa R. Kemp at WVSU,
learning rhythm in a hands on program
And all the women that were wise hearted did spin with their hands, and brought that which they had spun, both of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine line







Exodus 38:23 View whole chapterSee verse in context

And with him was Aholiab, son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, an engraver, and a cunning workman, and an embroiderer in blue, and in purple, and in scarlet, and fine linen.


And every wise hearted man among them that wrought the work of the tabernacle made ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work made he them.







2 Chronicles 2:7 View whole chapterSee verse in context

Send me now therefore a man cunning to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, and in iron, and in purple, and crimson, and blue, and that can skill to grave with the cunning men that are with me in Judah and in Jerusalem, whom David my father did provide.







2 Chronicles 2:14 View whole chapterSee verse in context

The son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father was a man of Tyre, skillful to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson; also to grave any manner of graving, and to find out every device which shall be put to him, with thy cunning men, and with the cunning men of my lord David thy father.







Jeremiah 10:9 View whole chapter | See verse in context

Silver spread into plates is brought from Tarshish, and gold from Uphaz, the work of the workman, and of the hands of the founder: blue and purple is their clothing: they are all the work of cunning men.
Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid them that they make them fringes in the borders of their garments throughout their generations, and that they put upon the fringe of the borders a ribbon of blue:







Ezekiel 27:7 View whole chapterSee verse in context

Fine linen with broidered work from Egypt was that which thou spreadest forth to be thy sail; blue and purple from the isles of Elishah was that which covered thee.

These were thy merchants in all sorts of things, in blue clothes, and broidered work, and in chests of rich apparel, bound with cords, and made of cedar, among thy merchandise.
(Above) Benin Bronze plaque depicting Exodus 17:11 Arron & Hur holding
Moses's hands up from the rising of the Sun to the going down of the same.
Why did they use indigo dye?
"The Lord commanded Moses"


Exodus 39:5 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And the curious girdle of his ephod, that was upon it, was of the same, according to the work thereof; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen; as the LORD commanded Moses.
(Above) Historians meet at Ms. Teresa R. Kemp's Exhibits 
study & share discuss the docments toget
What did the Lord require to be blue:
1.) Thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet

2.) Thou shalt make loops of blue upon the edge of the one curtain from the selvedge in the coupling; and likewise shalt thou make in the uttermost edge of another curtain, in the coupling of the second.

3.) Thou shalt make a vail of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen of cunning work: with cherubims shall it be made:

4.) Thou shalt make an hanging for the door of the tent, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework.

5.) for the gate of the court shall be an hanging of twenty cubits, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework: and their pillars shall be four, and their sockets four.


6.) They shall make the ephod of gold, of blue, and of purple, of scarlet, and fine twined linen, with cunning work.

7.) The curious girdle of the ephod, which is upon it, shall be of the same, according to the work thereof; even of gold, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.

8.) Thou shalt make the breastplate of judgment with cunning work; after the work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine twined linen, shalt thou make it.

9.) Thou shalt make the breastplate of judgment with cunning work; after the work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet,

10.) They shall bind the breastplate by the rings thereof unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it may be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate be not loosed from the ephod.
(Above) Quilters, teachers, genealogist, textile-artist, historians &
scientist enjoy the hand-on exhibits with Teresa R. Kem
11.) And of the blue, and purple, and scarlet, they made cloths of service, to do service in the holy place, and made the holy garments for Aaron; as the LORD commanded Moses.

12.) Thou shalt make the robe of the ephod all of blue.

13.) Beneath upon the hem of it thou shalt make pomegranates of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, round about the hem thereof; and bells of gold between them round about:

14.) Thou shalt put it on a blue lace, that it may be upon the mitre; upon the forefront of the mitre it shall be

15.) And all the women that were wise hearted did spin with their hands, and brought that which they had spun, both of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine linen.


16.) Them hath he filled with wisdom of heart, to work all manner of work, of the engraver, and of the cunning workman, and of the embroiderer, in blue, and in purple, in scarlet, and in fine linen, and of the weaver, even of them that do any work, and of those that devise cunning work.


17.) Every wise hearted man among them that wrought the work of the tabernacle made ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work made he them.


18.) Hmade loops of blue on the edge of one curtain from the selvedge in the coupling: likewise he made in the uttermost side of another curtain, in the coupling of the second.

19.)  He made the robe of the ephod of woven work, all of blue.

20.) They made upon the hems of the robe pomegranates of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and twined linen.
(Above) Guest of 5 AME Churches study the
 Youth Day Biblical History Program in
the "Churches of the UGRR Exhibit" in Lone Star, SC, USA
by Teresa R. Kemp, Historian Author, Master Quilter
Queen Mother Nana Efua Aadzewa 1st
21.) A girdle of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, of needlework; as the LORD commanded Moses.


22.) They tied unto it a lace of blue, to fasten it on high upon the mitre; as the LORD commanded Moses.



23.) Shall put thereon the covering of badgers' skins, and shall spread over it a cloth wholly of blue, and shall put in the staves thereof.


24.) Upon the table of shewbread they shall spread a cloth of blue, and put thereon the dishes, and the spoons, and the bowls, and covers to cover withal: and the continual bread shall be thereon

25) They shall take a cloth of blue, and cover the candlestick of the light, and his lamps, and his tongs, and his snuff dishes, and all the oil vessels thereof, wherewith they minister unto it:


26) And upon the golden altar they shall spread a cloth of blue, and cover it with a covering of badgers' skins, and shall put to the staves thereof:


27.) And they shall take all the instruments of ministry, wherewith they minister in the sanctuary, and put them in a cloth of blue, and cover them with a covering of badgers' skins, and shall put them on a bar:



28.) Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid them that they make them fringes in the borders of their garments throughout their generations, and that they put upon the fringe of the borders a ribbon of blue:

29.) Send me now therefore a man cunning to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, and in iron, and in purple, and crimson, and blue, and that can skill to grave with the cunning men that are with me in Judah and in Jerusalem, whom David my father did provide.

30.) The son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father was a man of Tyre, skillful to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson; also to grave any manner of graving, and to find out every device which shall be put to him, with thy cunning men, and with the cunning men of my lord David thy father.

31.) And he made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubims thereon.

32.) Where were white, green, and blue, hangings, fastened with cords of fine linen and purple to silver rings and pillars of marble: the beds were of gold and silver, upon a pavement of red, and blue, and white, and black, marble.

33.) And Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal apparel of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a garment of fine linen and purple: and the city of Shushan rejoiced and was glad.
We provide a hand-on experience for
our differently-abled patrons
UGRR Secret of the Quilts Museum 
in Underground Atlanta
wasn't wheelchair accessible
 Teresa Kemp brought the traveling exhibit to her.
31.) The blueness of a wound cleanseth away evil: so do stripes the inward parts of the belly.  (Note: It has been discussed  - was indigo literally used to clean wounds.)


32.) Silver spread into plates is brought from Tarshish, and gold from Uphaz, the work of the workman, and of the hands of the founder: blue and purple is their clothing: they are all the work of cunning men.


33.) Which were clothed with blue, captains and rulers, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding upon horses.



34.) Fine linen with broidered work from Egypt was that which thou spreadest forth to be thy sail; blue and purple from the isles of Elishah was that which covered thee.



35.) These were thy merchants in all sorts of things, in blue clothes, and broidered work, and in chests of rich apparel, bound with cords, and made of cedar, among thy merchandise.


36.) And a girdle of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, of needlework; as the LORD commanded Moses.

37.) And they tied unto it a lace of blue, to fasten it on high upon the mitre; as the LORD commanded Moses.

38.) And shall put thereon the covering of badgers' skins, and shall spread over it a cloth wholly of blue, and shall put in the staves thereof.

39.) And upon the table of shew bread they shall spread a cloth of blueand put thereon the dishes, and the spoons, and the bowls, and covers to cover withal: and the continual bread shall be thereon:



40.) They shall take a cloth of blue, and cover the candlestick of the light, and his lamps, and his tongs, and his snuff dishes, and all the oil vessels thereof, wherewith they minister unto it:

(Above) Children with their mother learning
the African Adinkra Codes and
learning to stamp fabrics with 

Teresa R. Kemp at the GA State Quilt Show
41.) And upon the golden altar they shall spread a cloth of blue, and cover it with a covering of badgers' skins, and shall put to the staves thereof:








42.) And they shall take all the instruments of ministry, wherewith they minister in the sanctuary, and put them in a cloth of blue, and cover them with a covering of badgers' skins, and shall put them on a bar:

43.) Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid them that they make them fringes in the borders of their garments throughout their generations, and that they put upon the fringe of the borders a ribbon of blue:

44.) Send me now therefore a man cunning to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, and in iron, and in purple, and crimson, and blue, and that can skill to grave with the cunning men that are with me in Judah and in Jerusalem, whom David my father did provide.

45.) The son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father was a man of Tyre, skillful to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson; also to grave any manner of graving, and to find out every device which shall be put to him, with thy cunning men, and with the cunning men of my lord David thy father.

46.) And he made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubims thereon.

47.) Where were white, green, and blue, hangings, fastened with cords of fine linen and purple to silver rings and pillars of marble: the beds were of gold and silver, upon a pavement of red, and blue, and white, and black, marble.

48.) And Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal apparel of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a garment of fine linen and purple: and the city of Shushan rejoiced and was glad.

49.) The blueness of a wound cleanseth away evil: so do stripes the inward parts of the belly.
(Above) Stamped Reverse Appliqued Cotton overlay from Teresa R. Kemp's
African Collection of the UGRR Quilt Code Collection
50.) Silver spread into plates is brought from Tarshish, and gold from Uphaz, the work of the workman, and of the hands of the founder: blue and purple is their clothing: they are all the work of cunning men.

51.) Which were clothed with blue, captains and rulers, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding upon horses.

52.) Fine linen with broidered work from Egypt was that which thou spreadest forth to be thy sail; blue and purple from the isles of Elishah was that which covered thee.

53.) These were thy merchants in all sorts of things, in blue clothes, and broidered work, and in chests of rich apparel, bound with cords, and made of cedar, among thy merchandise.

(Above) Nigerian Penny minted by Great Britain for Nigeria,
the East & West African clonies until 1959. 
Here are 50 scriptures on the topic 
this will give you a focused 
Indigo (Blue, Purple & Scarlet) Study Guide


Indigo, Kente, Grass, Cotton, Ashoke, and Quilts in Exhibition in Savannah GA
at the International Trace and conference Center at the Mancuso Quilt Show with Teresa R. Kemp
And blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen, and goats' hair

Exodus 26:1 View whole chapterSee verse in context
Moreover thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work shalt thou make them.

And thou shalt make loops of blue upon the edge of the one curtain from the selvedge in the coupling; and likewise shalt thou make in the uttermost edge of another curtain, in the coupling of the second.

Exodus 26:31 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And thou shalt make a vail of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen of cunning work: with cherubims shall it be made

Exodus 26:36 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And thou shalt make an hanging for the door of the tent, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework.

Exodus 27:16 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And for the gate of the court shall be an hanging of twenty cubits, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework: and their pillars shall be four, and their sockets four.

Exodus 28:5 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And they shall take gold, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen.

Exodus 28:6 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And they shall make the ephod of gold, of blue, and of purple, of scarlet, and fine twined linen, with cunning work.
(Above) Teresa R. Kemp with Veteran 
at Airport for Veteran's Program
in Columbia SC holding woven grass appliqued textile with
 Hebrew writing from Ghana  Africa.
And the curious girdle of the ephod, which is upon it, shall be of the same, according to the work thereof; even of gold, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.

Exodus 28:15 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And thou shalt make the breastplate of judgment with cunning work; after the work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine twined linen, shalt thou make it.

Exodus 28:28 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And they shall bind the breastplate by the rings thereof unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it may be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate be not loosed from the ephod.

Exodus 28:31 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And thou shalt make the robe of the ephod all of blue.

Exodus 28:33 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And beneath upon the hem of it thou shalt make pomegranates of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, round about the hem thereof; and bells of gold between them round about:

Exodus 28:37 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And thou shalt put it on a blue lace, that it may be upon the mitre; upon the forefront of the mitre it shall be.

Exodus 35:6 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen, and goats' hair,

Exodus 35:23 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And every man, with whom was found blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen, and goats' hair, and red skins of rams, and badgers' skins, brought them.

Exodus 35:25 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And all the women that were wise hearted did spin with their hands, and brought that which they had spun, both of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine linen.

Exodus 35:35 View whole chapterSee verse in context
Them hath he filled with wisdom of heart, to work all manner of work, of the engraver, and of the cunning workman, and of the embroiderer, in blue, and in purple, in scarlet, and in fine linen, and of the weaver, even of them that do any work, and of those that devise cunning work.
(Above) Shakeree musical instrument with Star of David burned in it
from our Gullah Geechee Plantation Quilts Collection
Exodus 36:8 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And every wise hearted man among them that wrought the work of the tabernacle made ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work made he them.

Exodus 36:11 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And he made loops of blue on the edge of one curtain from the selvedge in the coupling: likewise he made in the uttermost side of another curtain, in the coupling of the second.

Exodus 36:35 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And he made a vail of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen: with cherubims made he it of cunning work.

Exodus 36:37 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And he made an hanging for the tabernacle door of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, of needlework;

Exodus 38:18 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And the hanging for the gate of the court was needlework, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen: and twenty cubits was the length, and the height in the breadth was five cubits, answerable to the hangings of the court.

Exodus 38:23 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And with him was Aholiab, son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, an engraver, and a cunning workman, and an embroiderer in blue, and in purple, and in scarlet, and fine linen.

Exodus 39:1 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And of the blue, and purple, and scarlet, they made cloths of service, to do service in the holy place, and made the holy garments for Aaron; as the LORD commanded Moses.

Exodus 39:2 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.

Exodus 39:3 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And they did beat the gold into thin plates, and cut it into wires, to work it in the blue, and in the purple, and in the scarlet, and in the fine linen, with cunning work.

Exodus 39:5 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And the curious girdle of his ephod, that was upon it, was of the same, according to the work thereof; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen; as the LORD commanded Moses.
(Above) Appliqued textile from KZR-815 showing 
Nephilimworshiping the Golden Calf, 
wearing the ankh (symbol of life) on its neck on an altar; 
Goddess Isis above in the winged bird form 
with a tail in Giza Egypt.za Egypt.
Stolen in Atlanta GA Call if you see it!
Exodus 39:8 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And he made the breastplate of cunning work, like the work of the ephod; of gold,blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.

Exodus 39:21 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And they did bind the breastplate by his rings unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it might be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate might not be loosed from the ephod; as the LORD commanded Moses.

Exodus 39:22 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And he made the robe of the ephod of woven work, all of blue.

Exodus 39:24 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And they made upon the hems of the robe pomegranates of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and twined linen.

Exodus 39:29 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And a girdle of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, of needlework; as the LORD commanded Moses.

Exodus 39:31 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And they tied unto it a lace of blue, to fasten it on high upon the mitre; as the LORD commanded Moses.
Numbers 4:6 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And shall put thereon the covering of badgers' skins, and shall spread over it a cloth wholly of blue, and shall put in the staves thereof.

Numbers 4:7 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And upon the table of shew bread they shall spread a cloth of blue, and put thereon the dishes, and the spoons, and the bowls, and covers to cover withal: and the continual bread shall be thereon

Numbers 4:9 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And they shall take a cloth of blue, and cover the candlestick of the light, and his lamps, and his tongs, and his snuff dishes, and all the oil vessels thereof, wherewith they minister unto it

Numbers 4:11 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And upon the golden altar they shall spread a cloth of blue, and cover it with a covering of badgers' skins, and shall put to the staves thereof

Numbers 4:12 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And they shall take all the instruments of ministry, wherewith they minister in the sanctuary, and put them in a cloth of blue, and cover them with a covering of badgers' skins, and shall put them on a bar

Numbers 15:38 View whole chapterSee verse in context
Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid them that they make them fringes in the borders of their garments throughout their generations, and that they put upon the fringe of the borders a ribbon of blue
2 Chronicles 2:7 View whole chapterSee verse in context
Send me now therefore a man cunning to work in gold, and in silver, and in brass, and in iron, and in purple, and crimson, and blue, and that can skill to grave with the cunning men that are with me in Judah and in Jerusalem, who David my father did provide.

2 Chronicles 2:14 View whole chapterSee verse in context
The son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father was a man of Tyre, skillful to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson; also to grave any manner of graving, and to find out every device which shall be put to him, with thy cunning men, and with the cunning men of my lord David thy father.

2 Chronicles 3:14 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And he made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson, and fine linen, and wrought cherubims thereon.
Esther 1:6 View whole chapterSee verse in context
Where were white, green, and blue, hangings, fastened with cords of fine linen and purple to silver rings and pillars of marble: the beds were of gold and silver, upon a pavement of red, and blue, and white, and black, marble.

Esther 8:15 View whole chapterSee verse in context
And Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal apparel of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a garment of fine linen and purple: and the city of Shushan rejoiced and was glad.

Proverbs 20:30 View whole chapterSee verse in context
The blueness of a wound cleanseth away evil: so do stripes the inward parts of the belly.
Jeremiah 10:9 View whole chapterSee verse in context
Silver spread into plates is brought from Tarshish, and gold from Uphaz, the work of the workman, and of the hands of the founder: blue and purple is their clothing: they are all the work of cunning men.
Ezekiel 23:6 View whole chapterSee verse in context
Which were clothed with blue, captains and rulers, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding upon horses.

Ezekiel 27:7 View whole chapterSee verse in context
Fine linen with broidered work from Egypt was that which thou spreadest forth to be thy sail; blue and purple from the isles of Elishah was that which covered thee.

Ezekiel 27:24 View whole chapterSee verse in context
These were thy merchants in all sorts of things, in blue clothes, and broidered work, and in chests of rich apparel, bound with cords, and made of cedar, among thy merchandise.
2004 The late Serena Strother Wilson & daughter, Teresa R. Kemp with
CBS Film Crew in Columbus OH at the Kelton House UGRR Station
 filming segment to opening the National UGRR Freedom
Center
View Video: Commemorating Slaves to Freedom
Next topic I will address is:

"Where did the people go, who had

 the knowledge of plant based indigo?"

Here is a video I found on the Yoruba Nation in Nigeria. They have been dying indigo for centuries. Many were captured and take all over the world for slavery. Click on the title below to view the video by TVC News Nigeria

                          ADIRE: ART OF TIE DYE IN ABEOKUTA

Yoruba Adire Cloth - indigo dyed fabrics 

Blue Gold Indigo by Akky Intish
Here is a Kindle e-book 
to get you thinking 
globally about Indigo Plantations around the world.

Read it for FREE!



Looking worldwide for peoples use shofars, umbrellas, naming ceremonies, circumcised men, making fine linens, dyeing fabrics with traditional techniques, together we will locate the "lost tribes" by their skill set.

Naming conventions and celebrations of events that have been handed down for generations.

In my book, Keeper of the fire: 
An Igbo Metalsmith From Awka"
I document 6 of the nations 
of Israel in Nigeria, 7 in Ghana.
Click on the photo to purchase you copy today!
Keeper of the Fire An Igbo Metalsmith From Awka by
Teresa R. Kemp, Nana Efua Adadzewa 1stQueen Mother of Mankessim Traditional AreaCentral Region of Ghana Africa @trtkemp @ugrrquiltmuseum
Leave questions or comments
for me in the Section below. 
I want to study with you.

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Contact Information:
Email: trkemp@PlantationQuilts.com
Wk. Cell Phone: 803-618-2250
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