Africans & African-American Participation
in the American Revolutionary War
in the American Revolutionary War
Here are resources found in book, Keeper of the Fire: An Igbo Metalsmith From Awka!
(*Special 20% Discount off for all visitors of the Blog scroll down!)
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| 1784 Muster Rolls of Birchtown, Canada |
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| Patriot Agrippa Hall |
The two men had formed a true friendship and Koscuiszko invited “Grippy” to join him in Poland but Hull did not want to leave his home. He returned to Stockbridge and worked as a butler to make money to buy land for a farm.He married Jane Darby a runaway slave when he purchased his own homestead. Agrippa hired a lawyer to assist Jane and Agrippa in properly securing her liberty. He is listed as becoming the largest black landholder in Stockbridge, where he resided following the war.
His friend Koscuiszko, General (Tadeusz) Thaddeus Koscuiszko, a young Polish nobleman), would visit him whenever he came to America and officers also wrote about Agrippa in his memoirs. When Hull requested his pension he was told he needed to prove his honorable military service before he would be approved for payments. With no way to duplicate papers in that time period, he agreed to send his papers only if they would promise to return them to him, since General George Washington signed his service papers and they mean more to him than getting the pension. Hull died in 1848, at almost 89 years old.
Thirty-seven Africans from Berkshire County, MA fought in the war for independence. Agrippa Hulls being the most famous, this portrait hangs in the Stockbridge, Massachusetts Public Library to this day.
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PATRIOT AUSTIN DABNEY
Austin Dabney was sent to war by his owner who did not want to fight to serve as a soldier in the Revolutionary war to serve in his place. Dabney was one of the few black in the South allowed to man heavy guns. Most southern blacks were prohibited from bearing arms of any kind for fear of revolts and killings of their masters. He was a member of an artillery in the Georgia Corps and fought under Colonel Elijah Clark in the battles of Cow pens in South Carolina. There the patriots killed, wounded or captured almost all of the British and Tory Soldiers.
Dabney was said to be the only black soldier at the Battle of Kettle Creek. He was seriously wounded by a rifle ball in his hip and a soldier took him to his nearby farmhouse. Dabney was nursed back to health and never forgot the kindness of Giles Harris. Freed for fighting by his master, after the war, he went to work for Harris.
Though it was years before his heroic service in the American Revolutionary War was recognized. In 1821, The Georgia Legislature gave him a one-hundred-twelve acre farm. He quickly formed friendships with his wealthy neighbors and became the owner of many fine horses. He received a pension for his military service and being a land holder helped. He is buried in the Harris family Cemetery (it is believed). The Pulaski Georgia Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) in 1977, included Austin Dabney on a monument in Griffin Memorial Park.
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Patriot James Armistead Lafayette
James Armistead (1760-1832) was born in Virginia, an African enslaved to the owner whose last name he took. In 1781, when James was twenty-one years old he heard the Marquis de Lafayette, a French volunteer for the Patriots was in need of men to spy on the British. When James asked his master could he go during the siege of Richmond to volunteer, William Armistead, his owner agree.
Lafayette was born 1757, in the town of Chavaniac, to a wealthy landowning family, living in southern central France (In the province of Auvergne). Young and wanting adventure, he was commissioned as an officer at age 13 years old. He wanted to follow his family’s martial tradition. Convinced that the American Patriot’s cause in the revolutionary war was noble, he came to the New World seeking glory in it. The 19-year-old was made a major general in the Continental Army, though he initially wasn’t given a fight force to command.
James (former slave) was described as brave, smart and knew the area well. He was just what Lafayette needed since the British were offering freedom to slaves who joined their side no one would suspect James of being a Patriot spy. It was the when Armistead arrived in the British cap to offer his services as a guide and body servant in exchange for his freedom at the end of the American Revolutionary War.Three years following the end of the American Revolution Lafayette’s praise and written certificate of Armistead’s participation was sent to the Virginia General Assembly of Virginia. Armistead asked his master be paid for him and he be awarded freedom and the Assembly agreed. He was recognized a war veteran but not considered an American citizen! Because of his service, when he was in his sixties, Armistead did receive a military pension.
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| Letter signed by George Washington |
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Peter Salem was born in 1750, a slave in Framingham, Massachusetts who was first owned by New England Army Captain Jeremiah Belknap. Later, Salem was sold to Major Lawson Buckminster, who gave him his freedom to enlist and fight in the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War on the side of the Patriots.
He fought in the battle of Concord April 19, 1775 and the battle of Lexington, Mass. and he also enlisted on April 26, in Captain Drury's company of Colonel John Nixon's 6th Massachusetts Regiment. Salem fought at Bunker Hill with Barzillai Lew, Salem Poor, Titus Coburn, Alexander Ames, Cato Howe, and Seymour Burr, freed blacks and many others. When Salem was fighting at Bunker Hill he became a Revolutionary War hero, when he shot and killed British Major John Pitcairn. The Patriot officer ordered a retreat but Salem refused and reloaded and fired again and kept firing. To honor him Salem’s French Charleville musket, he used in battle is now displayed at the Bunker Hill Monument in Massachusetts.
He was presented proudly by white solders to General George Washington, as the soldier who killed the commanding British officer at the Battle of Bunker Hill. It was reported that he also served bravely at the battles of Stoney Point and the Battle of Saratoga.
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Native Americans were forced on to reservations by the mid-17th century. The English immigrants had forced any remaining in the area, on to reservations located north of the York River. Freed slaves of African heritage, by working and living in close proximity, assimilated into the growing population of European colonists. Over the following decades, white indentured servant women and men; African men and women; and few Native American Indians married and created free mixed-race populations before the American Revolution. Heinegg, Paul. Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware, 1999-2005.
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IRON WORKERS - “African men with iron making skills were imported
to the Chesapeake to work as blacksmiths on plantations and in
the iron industry that, by the early 18th century, had begun to develop in
Colonial America. Iron workers were an elite group in West and West Central
Africa, (de Barrios 2000:148; Barnes and Ben-Amos 1989). In West Africa, the
rise of the Edo, Fon and a series of Yoruba kingdoms between 1400 and 1700,
owed their political dominance to heavily equipped armies, using a highly
developed iron technology. Blacksmiths are attributed central roles in the
mythical origins of numerous West Central African and West African peoples.
The first southern iron works was established in the Chesapeake. Alexander Spotswood, Lieutenant Governor Virginia
erected the South’s first successful iron works around 1718. There were at least
65 iron works in the region employing as many as 4,500 slaves. By 1775, the
American colonies were the world’s third largest producer of iron. Built
largely on slave labor, slavery played a crucial role in the growth and
development of the industry. By the 1750s, enslaved men performed most of the
skilled and manual labor. The most skilled African American artisans worked
independently in positions of authority like Abraham and Bill, who in the
1760s, helped manage the Snowden iron furnace in Anne Arundel (Kulikoff 1986:413). Forges and furnaces
employed between thirty and fifty slaves (Lewis 1974:242–243). Principio
Iron works owned slaves and livestock. When the British
confiscated Principio Iron works at the end of the American Revolution, it had
been in gradual decline for thirty years, nevertheless it listed 136 slaves
among its property.”
http://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/Chesapeake_furthRdg6.htm
Patriot Crispus Attucks
| Crispus Attucks – (1723-March 5, 1770) the first martyr of the American Revolution between the American colonists and Great Britain, was a former slave named Crispus Attucks. A martyr is a person willing to give his life for the cause of freedom. Not a lot is documented of Crispus’s early life but he was the son of an African father and a “Natick”, Nantucket Indian mother. Some accounts said he was of Wampanoag and African descent. Attucks was a descendant of John Attucks, of Massachusetts who was hanged during King Philip's War. He was enslaved in his adult life and always longed to be free. Framingham had a small African community since 1716. He was known as a rope maker and a first rate trader (seller and buyer) of cattle and horses. Unable to make money to purchase his freedom and finding no other recourse Crispus finally ran away. |
BOSTON
GAZETTE AND
WEEKLY JOURNAL, 1750 MISSING PROPERTY
MISSING PROPERTY: A runaway slave. "A Mulatto fellow, about 27 Years of Age, named Crispus, 6 feet
2 inches high, short cur'l hair, his knees nearer together than common."
Wearing new buckskin breeches, blue yarn stockings, checked woolen shirt, and
light colored bearskin coat. Whoever fhall return him, fhall receive ten
pounds. And all Matters of Vessels and others, are hereby cautioned against
concealing or carrying off said Servant on Penalty of Law.
The United States
Treasury released "The
Black Revolutionary War Patriots Silver
Dollar featuring Crispus Attucks' image
on the reverse side in 1998. Funds from sales of the coin were intended for a
proposed Black Revolutionary War Patriots Memorial in Washington, D.C.
*********************
Patriot Salem Poor unlike many who fought he was born free in Massachusetts. Married young he lived on his farm with his wife. He had to make a decision like many others on who side should he take in the impending war. He heard talk of breaking away from England daily and finally decided he was going to side with independence! The battles were literally at the colonist door steps and when the war came to Lexington and Concord, Poor enlisted in the Patriot army. Like many other Africans he was known for a steady hand and eye, meaning he was not afraid in battle. He was not trembling and shaking or shooting with his eyes closed.
In the battle at the Siege of Charleston Massachusetts, Poor killed Lieutenant Colonel James Abercrombie, an important British officer in the Battle of Bunker Hill. The Patriots were able to hold their positions until they ran out of ammo. Salem Poor was praised by his Patriot officers in correspondence to the Massachusetts General Court.
“Poor behaved like an experienced soldier in his gallant and brave action as he fought in Captain Ames Fry’s regiment” Despite the intentions of the petition history has not recorded if Poor was rewarded by the court. He remained in the army for many years and fought in the battles of White Plains, New York and survived the harsh winter conditions at Valley Forge. In 1975, Salem Poor’s likeness appeared on a United States commemorative postage stamp.
“The author Samuel Swett, writing in 1818, reported, "Among the foremost of the [British] leaders was the gallant Maj. Pitcairn, who exultingly cried 'the day is ours,' when Salem, a black soldier, and a number of others, shot him through and he fell.... [A] contribution was made in the Army for Salem and he was presented to Washington as having slain Pitcairn" (p. 75). The artist John Trumbull's celebrated 1786 painting The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker's Hill shows a black soldier thought to be Salem, holding a flintlock musket as Pitcairn falls, and in 1968 that detail was reproduced in a U.S. postage stamp commemorating Trumbull and included in the Black Heritage Stamp Issues.”
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| Book of Negroes |
Book of Negroes: There were 3 copies of this handwritten, Book of Negroes, Black Loyalist passengers leaving New York on British ships in 1783. It list the names of Africans, their status (free or slave), physical description, and for some, the former owner’s name and last known place of residence. One in America at the National Archives Washington, DC; one at the Public Records Office in Kew, England and one in Nova Scotia Archives in Halifax, Canada. More information on these books made by British and American inspectors. This above book’s digital information can be found at:
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Patriot Oliver Cromwell
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Patriot Prince Whipple (1750-1796), was one of the African aristocrats who sent their children worldwide for education and the narrative of Prince Whipple was one of theses. He was home in Ambou, Ghana, with his family until he was ten years old and his father sent him with a cousin to America to follow in his older brother’s footsteps of being educated in the American colonies.
Like many others Prince was promised his freedom for fighting in the Revolutionary War, but it wasn’t granted. Free men born in Africa and enslaved Africans joined together to confront the New Hampshire legislature and were finally granted their freedoms. Once free, he worked serving as a master of ceremonies and gave speeches at formal occasions and gathering. According to the Portsmouth, New Hampshire Town Records, General Whipple granted Prince Whipple the rights of a freeman on 22 Feb. 1781, Prince's wedding day. He was legally manumitted by Gen. William Whipple on 26 Feb. 1784. He married a woman named Dinah, also free in his town. They had children and continued to live in their own 2 story home (still standing as of 2012) near the Moffat mansion. Prince Whipple died leaving a widow and several children when he was only in his thirties. 125 years after the Revolutionary War had ended veterans groups from the New Hampshire area dedicated a marker to the bravery of Prince Whipple in North Cemetery.
This Georgia graveyard is the resting place for a diverse population:
artisans, craftsmen, elected officials, sea captains, merchants, doctors,
lawyers, and members of Provincial Councils, State and Continental Congresses.
The listing of 1793, 1794 and 1798 yellow fever victims is lengthy. Over 235
men, of 672, Third Church members who served in the
Revolutionary War are buried here.
For Further Reading on American Revolution
& American Revolution Website Resources:
Keeper of the Fire: An Igbo Metalsmith From Awka
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AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR
Resources
NELL, William C. Colored Patriots of the American Revolution. Boston, MA: R. F. Wallcut. 1855.
Black Loyalist References:
HODGES, Graham
Russell. The Black Loyalists
Directory, New York, Garland Publishing, Inc., 1996.
ROBERTSON, Marion. King's
Bounty: A History of Early
Shelburne Nova Scotia Halifax NS, Nova
Scotia Museum Press, 1983.
WALKER, James W. St. G. The Black Loyalists: The
Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, Toronto, ON, University of Toronto Press, 1992.
Massachusetts Historical Society: www.masshist.org
The New England Historic Genealogical Society: www.americanancestors.org
KAPLAN,
Sidney. The Black Presence in the
Era of the American Revolution 1770-1800, Washington DC, New York Graphic Society
Ltd., 1973.
WINKS, Robin W. The Blacks in Canada: A History
(2nd Ed.), Montreal & Kingston, McGill-Queens University Press, 1997.
BURNSIDE, Madeline & Rosemarie Robotham, Spirits of the Passage: The Transatlantic Slave Trade in the Seventeenth Century, New York NY, Simon &
Schuster Editions, 1997.
JOURNEYS to Freedom: Enslaved efforts to escape http://freedomcenter.org/enabling-freedom/journey-to-freedom
MACDONALD,
James S., "Memoir of Governor John
Parr", Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical
Society Volume XIV, Halifax NS, Nova Scotia Printing Company, 1910, Pp. 41-78.
Francis Marion - Francis Marion Trails: http://www.francismariontrail.com/ (He had freed and slave black in his units)
MCKERROW, P.E.
Edited by Frank Stanley Boyd, A
Brief History of the Coloured Baptists of Nova Scotia 1783-1895, Halifax NS, Afro-Nova Scotian Enterprises, 1975.
MONTICELLO Plantation: Health & Slave Medicine
http://www.monticello.org/library/exhibits/lucymarks/lucymarks/lucy.html
SMITH, T.
Watson, "The Slave in Canada", Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical
Society for the Years 1896-1898 Volume X, Halifax NS, Nova Scotia Printing
Company, 1899.
PEOPLE WHO ASSISTED LOYALIST CANADIAN RESEARCH
Niven,
Laird - Laird
has been an invaluable resource, and helped supply some of the original
documents for transcription. Mr. Niven also was the archaeologist who
investigated the various sites in the Birchtown area.
Bloomfield,
Gladstone - Mr.
Bloomfield has been of great assistance in researching the military history of
the Black Loyalists. His suggestions and references have helped to correct some
common misconceptions, and we are greatly indebted to his assistance.
DUNNSMORE’S ETHIOPIAN REGIMENT
KAPLAN, Sidney
and Kaplan, Emma N. The Black Presence in
the Era of the American Revolutionary. Amherst, MA: University of
Massachusetts Press. P. 490.
1989.
QUARLES, Benjamin.
The Negro in the American Revolution. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, pg. 19. 1966.
BATTLE OF COWPENS:
HOURIHAN, William J. (Winter 1998). "Historical
Perspective: The Cowpens Staff Ride: A Study in Leadership". The Army Chaplaincy. Archived from the original on
2007-06-24. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
MONCURE,
Lieutenant Colonel John (1996). "The
Cowpens Staff Ride and Battlefield Tour". Command and General Staff College: Combined Arms
Research Library. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
MONTROSS, Lynn (April
1956). "America's Most
Imitated Battle." American
Heritage, Vol. 7, No. 3 (April 1956), Pp. 35-37, 100-101.
PARKER, John
W. "Historical
Record of the Seventeenth Regiment of Light Dragoons, Lancers: Containing an
Account of the Formation of the Regiment in 1759 and of Its Subsequent Services
to 1841". Replications
Company. Archived from
the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
WEBB, Jonathan
(2009). "Battle
of Cowpens Animated Battle Map".
The Art of Battle. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
WITHROW, Scott
(2005). "The
Battle of Cowpens". U.S.
Department of the Interior: National Park Service: Cowpens National Battlefield
South Carolina.
CAGNEY, James
(2010). "Animated
History of the Battle of Cowpens". HistoryAnimated.com. Retrieved 2012-07-01.
AGRIPPA HULL INFORMATION:
Teaching African-American Heritage in the Upper Housatonic
Valley: https://mcla.digication.com/AAHT/Agrippa_Hull1
One of my Strother Patriot Revolutionary Strother family members
also fought at Cowpens.
Websites on Peter Salem and other Blacks
in Wars http://www.celebrateboston.com/biography/peter-salem.htm
CRISPUS ATTUCKS INFO:
BOLSTER, Jeffrey W. Black Jacks: African-American Seamen in the Age of Sail. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press,
1997.
PARR, James L. & Swope, Kevin A. Framingham:
Legends and Lore. The History Press, 2009.
MANDELL, Daniel. Tribe, Race, History:
Native Americans in Southern New England, 1780-1880 Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press,
2008.
MANDELL, Daniel. Behind the Frontier: Indians in
Eighteenth-Century Eastern Massachusetts. Lincoln,
NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1996.
SILVERMAN, David J. Faith and
Boundaries: Colonists, Christianity, and Community among the Wampanoag Indians
of Martha's Vineyard, 1600-1871 Cambridge University Press, 2005.
USMINT.GOV, United States Mint: "Plinky's Coin of the Month February 2000".
ASANTE, Molefi Kete. 100 Greatest
African-Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. 2002.
NEYLAND, James. Crispus Attucks, Patriot. Holloway House. 1995.
LIBRARY of
Congress Exhibit Attucks: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trr046.html
PETER SALEM’S INFO:
Forgotten
Patriots--African-American and Indian Patriots of the Revolutionary War (2008), which was published by the
Daughters of the American Revolution. Peter Salem’s service was discussed in many more
general reference books on African-Americans in American history, including:
APTHEKER, Herbert (Ed.) A Documentary
History of the Negro People in the United States. 1962.
WOODSON, Carter G. The Negro in Our History 1922, rev. ed. 1962);
QUARLES, Benjamin and Fishel, Leslie H. Jr. The Black American. 1970.
WAKIN, Edward. Black Fighting Men in U.S.
History. 1971.
AMERICAN
National Biography Online: http://www.anb.org/articles/06/06-00893.html
AMERICAN Slavery and Slave Trade Records:
http://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/slavery-records-civil.html
RELATED INFO WEBSITES-
AFRICAN Names Database - Many
people do not realize that the names of the people taken were in many cases recorded.
This is where your family’s oral history may be useful.
If you have a name, you can check the African Names Database to see if it was
included. In many African cultures the son is named after his father, or
something similar, often contains part of the father’s name (My son on the
right hand, my son on the hill) etc.
“Between 2008
and May 2012 Voyages offered access
to an African Names Database that identified over 67,000 Africans removed from
slave ships in the abolition era, including their names, age, gender, stature,
and place of embarkation. While these data have been incorporated into the
African-Origins site the latter does not include stature data. The African
Names Database has now been made available at the website: http://www.slavevoyages.org/tast/resources/slaves.faces in csv
format.
AMERICAN Slavery and Slave Trade Records:
http://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/slavery-records-civil.html
ARCHAEOLOGY News Network:
http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2014/06/american-museum-transfers-eight.html#.U9e6Q_ldVjZ |
ARCHIVO Colombia – English translation from the Nat. Archives
of Col: www.archivogeneral.gov.co/
ARCHDIOSESE of New Orleans: Slave and Free People of Color Baptismal Records in the Archives - http://archives.arch-no.org/sfpc.php
This on-line catalogue is the
record for posterity of the Royal Academy's exhibition of the same name held in
London from October 4th,
1995 to January 21, 1996. The Africa exhibition may justifiably be called the
largest exposition of African arts and antiquities yet mounted in Great Britain, with all of the exhibits figured in the book as
colour plates of a very high standard of reproduction.
BLACK Inventors On-line Museum: blackinventor.com
BLACK Inventory: www.blackinventor.com
BLACK Past: http://www.blackpast.org/
BRITISH Museum: The. Benin: An African
Kingdom: www.britishmuseum.org/PDF/british_museum_benin_art.pdf
BRITISH Museum: Benin Plaque: the Oba with Europeans. BBC 2012. Retrieved From:
BRITISH National Archives: www.nationalarchives.gov.uk
“The duty books recorded all departures to Africa from every British port in the
Atlantic world between 1698 and 1712. They were a direct result of the 1698 Act
that destroyed the Royal African Company’s monopoly by allowing all British
investors access to the slave trade on payment of a duty worth ten percent of
the outgoing cargo. They may be found in the British National Archives, series
T70, Vols. 349-358.”
CHC Library and Archives - the City of Cambridge:
www2.cambridgema.gov/historic/library.html
CHESTER County
Historical Society – Chester, SC: http://chesterschistory.org/
CHINESE
Slavery in America by Charles
Frederick Holder: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25118876?seq=2
If you haven't
already done so, the first place to look for Cuban family trees is the
9-volume Historia de Familias Cubanas by the noted Cuban genealogist
Francisco Javier de Santa Cruz y Maillen, Count of Jaruco.
For a list of
the surname chapter headings of this work and information on how to get copies
of the full text of the entries click the above link.
Enciclopedia
Heráldica y Genealógica Hispano-Americana -The
second place to look for Cuban family trees is the 88-volume Enciclopedia
Heráldica y Genealógica Hispano-Americana by the Spanish genealogists
Alberto and Arturo Garcia Carraffa. These cover mostly names starting with the
letters A-U only, since the authors both died before completing the
Encyclopedia. There are, however, some names listed that start with the
letters V-Z.
An on-line interactive index to the surnames
appearing in this work has been prepared by the US Library of Congress and is
available by clicking on the following Index. The
Index also lists names appearing in the Mogrobejo work described below and also
lists various libraries in the United States that have the Carraffa
Encyclopedia in their collection.
A printed index to the surname headings of
the Carraffa Encyclopedia appears in the 1966 book Hispanic Surnames and
Family History by Lyman D. Platt (ISBN: 0-8063-1480-X) which you can get
from your local library on interlibrary loan or purchase in many genealogical
book stores.
Click on the link at the head of this
Section for full details on the Carraffa Encyclopedia and information on where
to get copies of the actual chapter entries.
These books, by the contemporary basque
genealogist and publisher Endika de Mogrobejo, continue the Carraffa
Encyclopedia starting alphabetically with the surname "Urriza". To
date 12 volumes have been announced, although only the first 6 volumes seem to
be currently available. Click on the above link for the alphabetic range of
surnames covered in each volume. The US Library of Congress on-line
interactive Index to
the Carraffa Encyclopedia described previously also includes the surnames
appearing in the first 6 volumes of this work. The entries corresponding to the
Endika de Mogrobejo work are indicated by volume numbers preceded by an
"E".
These books can be obtained on interlibrary
loan, purchased directly from Spain via the Internet, or purchased at the Ediciones Universal bookstore in Miami. Be warned that the books are large in size,
leather bound and rather expensive.
DETROIT Historical
Society: http://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/underground-railroad
DNA Testing:
Family Tree DNA: www.familytreedna.com and www.thegeneticgenealogist.com/
ENCYCLOPEDIA Britannic:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/414840/Nigeria
GIST of Freedom: www.GistofFreedom.com
GOVERNMENT of Ghana: www.ghana.gov.gh/
HANDLER, Jerome
and Michael Tuite (Photo images were compiled) and sponsored by the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities and
the University of Virginia Library. www.slaveryimages.org
HISTORY
of Camden County: http://historiccamdencounty.com/
INTERNATIONAL
Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property
(ICCROM): www.iccrom.org/
IGBO Development Assoc. of British Columbia: http://www.ndigbo.net/
INTERNATIONAL
Council of Museum (ICOM):
INTERNATIONAL Society of Genetic Genealogy’s (ISOGG) Success:
Stories: www.isogg.org/successstories.htm
INVENTORS: www.inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bltemple
JEWISH Daily Torah Study:
www.Chabad.org
KENTUCKY
African-American Slave Database
(Notable): Slave Injury and Death Reimbursement & Insurance:
http://nkaa.uky.edu/subject.php?sub_id=170
LIBRARY of Congress:
·
Small Picture
Collection
·
American Time
Capsule: Three Centuries of
·
Broadsides and
Other Printed Ephemera.
MURRAY, Daniel
A. P. Pamphlet Collection Rare Book and
Special Collections Division, African-American Pamphlet
Collection. Washington DC: Library of Congress.
MURRAY, K.C. 1940. A Bronze Bell
from Onitsha Province, Nigeria Photo. Onicha, Alaigbo
MUSCOGEE (Creek) Nation: www.muscogeenation-nsn.gov
NATIONAL Archives of
Trinidad and Tobago: natt.gov.tt
NATIVE American
Ancestry:
http://dna-explained.com/2012/12/18/proving-native-american-ancestry-using-dna/
NAIRALAND Forum: http://www.nairaland.com/
ORAIFITE
Igbo History: http://www.oraifite.com/
RADIO Africa –
www.radioafrica.com.au
“Radio Africa
offers hours of tracks including field recordings from remote villages, voices
of political protest, and songs from emerging Afro-pop artists and is a
collaboration between Smithsonian Folkways and the National Museum of African
Art.” http://africa.si.edu/wp-content/themes/NMAfA/scripts/radio_africa/index.html
SLAVE VOYAGES DATABASE-www.slavevoyages.org The Voyages Database also contains an
African Names Database.
SPANISH Texas
- Blacks in Colonial Spanish Texas:
http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pkb07
SCORPION Systematics Research Group in the Division of Invertebrate
Zoology: www.scorpion.amnh.org/
SOUTH Carolina digital Archives: www.library.sc.edu/blogs/academy/2011/08/30/green-book-travels-3-5-6/
Boonesborough Historical Society-Abbeville
and Anderson counties - especially Donalds, Due West, and Honea Path
Center for
Heirs' Property Preservation - educational
and legal services for owners of heir’s property in the Lowcountry
Chicora
Foundation -
archaeological and historical research, cultural resource surveys, site
assessments
CONTACT US –
We give copies of our original documents and photo to assist you with reports, research and educational presentation. I would love to hear your questions, comments, and opinions.
---- Mrs. Teresa R. Kemp
On Line:
· Blog Spot: http://UGRRQuiltCode.BlogSpot.com
· Email: trkemp@PlantationQuilts.com
· Facebook Book Page: www.facebook.com/ugrrquiltmuseum
· Google+: trkemp
· LinkedIn: Mrs. Teresa R. Kemp
· Twitter: @UGRRQuiltMuseum Website: www.PlantationQuilts.com
For Booksignings and trunkshows please call:
By Phone: USA By phone: Country Code 001 (404) 468-7050
We have created unique programs for:
· Business/Governments/Professional Associations
· Social Clubs/Churches/At-Risk Populations
· Corporate "Lunch and Learns"/Team Building/ Diversity
· Libraries/Museums/Archives/Conference Centers
· Fraternities/Sororities/School and Family Reunions
· Colleges/Universities/Schools and Home School Associations K-12
· Grade appropriate state requirements, hands on and interactive/ Research Centers
· Community Centers/Camps/After-School Programs/ Home School Scholars
· Medical Associations/Health Fairs/ Community Programs/Book Clubs
· Rites of Passage/Juneteenth Celebrations/Festivals/State Fairs
“We Have Chosen Education as a Bridge to Understanding”
Exhibits the Heal Communities!
